However, this can only be done within the constraints of your make-up water and cooling tower water chemistry.
This will minimize blowdown water quantity and reduce make-up water demand. Because dissolved solids enter the system in the make-up water and exit the system in the blowdown water, the cycles of concentration are also approximately equal to the ratio of volume of make-up to blowdown water.įrom a water efficiency standpoint, you want to maximize cycles of concentration. This is determined by calculating the ratio of the concentration of dissolved solids in the blowdown water compared to the make-up water. The sum of water that is lost from the tower must be replaced by make-up water:Ī key parameter used to evaluate cooling tower operation is "cycle of concentration" (sometimes referred to as cycle or concentration ratio). Check float control equipment to ensure the basin level is being maintained properly, and check system valves to make sure there are no unaccounted for losses. Carefully monitoring and controlling the quantity of blowdown provides the most significant opportunity to conserve water in cooling tower operations.īasin leaks or overflows: Properly operated towers should not have leaks or overflows. The concentration of dissolved solids is controlled by removing a portion of the highly concentrated water and replacing it with fresh make-up water. The dissolved solids can also lead to corrosion problems. If the concentration gets too high, the solids can cause scale to form within the system. As more water evaporates, the concentration of dissolved solids increases. Drift loss is small compared to evaporation and blowdown and is controlled with baffles and drift eliminators.īlowdown: When water evaporates from the tower, dissolved solids (such as calcium, magnesium, chloride, and silica) remain in the recirculating water. Water leaves a cooling tower system in one of four ways.Įvaporation: The primary function of the tower and the method that transfers heat from the cooling tower system to the environment.ĭrift: A small quantity of water may be carried from the tower as mist or small droplets. The solution is obtained by solving the mass and heat balances and differential transfer equations through the gas and liquid film along the cooling tower.The thermal efficiency and longevity of the cooling tower and equipment depend on the proper management of recirculated water. The program calculates the height of a counterflow water cooling tower for a given set of parameters: water and air inlet conditions, water outlet conditions and individual transfer coefficients. That is why an executable application has been made, using the python programming language. In this project, a tool is created to facilitate the design for this type of operation. After cooling, water can be reused or send back to the environment without thermal damage.Īlthough cooling towers can generate large steam plumes, which causes many people to associate this steam with smoke and pollution, it is a clean operation that takes advantage of the principle of cooling by water evaporation. It is used to cool water that has lost its utility as a refrigerant because it has been used in condensers and heat exchangers. Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:Ĭooling tower is a unit operation widely used in the chemistry industry.
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